The library

Ingredient library

Every ingredient SkinAtlas knows about — all 2161 of them. What each one does, what it works well with, and what to watch for.

29 ingredients in Solvent / vehicle — page 1 of 2

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Solvent / vehicle
1,2-Hexanediol

A multifunctional glycol that hydrates and supports preservation.

humectantpreservative-booster
Light hydrationHelps stabilize and preserve formulas
Solvent / vehicle
2,3-Butanediol

A glycol isomer (distinct from 1,3-butylene glycol) used as a humectant and solvent in toners, serums, and masks to hydrate skin and improve ingredient dispersibility.

humectantsolvent
Attracts and retains moistureImproves formula spreadability and skin feelHelps stabilize and disperse actives
Solvent / vehicle
Alcohol

Undenatured ethyl alcohol used as a solvent and penetration enhancer; the undiluted INCI-distinct form from Alcohol Denat.

solventantimicrobial
Lightweight, fast-absorbing finishImproves penetration of other ingredientsAntimicrobial at high concentrations
Can be drying or irritating at high concentrations on dry or sensitive skin
Solvent / vehicle
Alcohol Denat.

A volatile alcohol used to thin formulas and speed drying.

Lightweight, fast-absorbing finishImproves penetration
Can be drying or irritating at high levels on dry/sensitive skin
Solvent / vehicle
Benzyl Glycol

A benzylic glycol solvent used in cosmetics to dissolve fragrance and other actives, with mild humectant and preservative-boosting properties.

solventhumectantpreservative-booster
Solvent for fragrance and activesLight humectant hydrationSupports preservation
Solvent / vehicle
Bisethoxydiglycol Cyclohexane-1,4-Dicarboxylate

A diester solvent (trade name Sensiva SC 50) used primarily in sunscreen formulations to dissolve and carry UV-filter actives. It helps improve the homogeneity and stability of sunscreen emulsions without contributing significant occlusion or greasiness.

solventUV-filter solubilizercarrier
Effectively solubilizes oil-soluble UV filters in sunscreen emulsionsImproves spreadability and skin feel of sunscreen formulasLow viscosity, clear liquid — easy to incorporate
+ Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate+ Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane
Solvent / vehicle
Butylene Glycol

A lightweight solvent and mild humectant that improves texture.

humectant
Boosts penetration of other ingredientsLight hydration
Solvent / vehicle
C13-14 Isoparaffin

A branched-chain hydrocarbon solvent in the C13-C14 range that evaporates quickly and leaves a non-greasy, clean finish on skin.

solventemollient
Lightweight, non-greasy skin feelFast-evaporating carrier
Solvent / vehicle
Cyclotetrasiloxane
CYCLOTETRASILOXANE

A cyclic volatile silicone (D4, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane) used as a lightweight carrier solvent. Restricted in the EU due to environmental persistence and bioaccumulation concerns (PBT substance).

solventemollientcarrier
Lightweight carrier solvent that evaporates cleanlyImproves spreadability
EU-restricted: prohibited in wash-off cosmetics and capped at 0.1% in stay-on products under REACH Annex XVII (Regulation 2020/2204) due to persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential endocrine-disruption concernsAvoid in leave-on products where EU compliance is required
+ Dimethicone
Solvent / vehicle
Dimethyl Isosorbide

A sugar-derived (sorbitol) dimethyl ether solvent and epidermal penetration enhancer that improves solubility and skin delivery of actives.

solventpenetration-enhancer
Dissolves actives and helps deliver them through the skin barrierImproves bioavailability of co-formulated actives (e.g. niacinamide, retinol)Amphiphilic — works in both aqueous and oil phases
As a penetration enhancer, increases exposure to co-formulated actives — patch test when used with potent actives
Solvent / vehicle
Dipropylene Glycol

A glycol solvent and humectant that improves texture and carries actives.

humectant
Light hydrationImproves spreadability
Solvent / vehicle
Ethoxydiglycol

A clear glycol ether solvent used to dissolve and stabilize difficult actives, enhance ingredient penetration, and provide mild humectancy in cosmetic formulas.

solventpenetration-enhancerhumectant
Dissolves challenging actives including vitamin C and benzoyl peroxideEnhances penetration of other actives into skinLight humectancy
Solvent / vehicle
Ethyl Hexanediol

A branched-chain diol (CAS 94-96-2) used as a solvent and preservative booster in cosmetics; distinct from 1,2-hexanediol and historically also used as an insect repellent.

solventpreservative-booster
Acts as a solvent for cosmetic activesBoosts preservative efficacy
Historically used as an insect repellent at high concentrations; at typical cosmetic solvent concentrations, generally well toleratedSome potential for skin irritation at high doses
Solvent / vehicle
Ethylhexanediol

2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, a branched glycol with both humectant and antimicrobial properties. Structurally related to 1,2-Hexanediol and Caprylyl Glycol, which are also used as preservative boosters. Used at low concentrations (typically 0.1–1%) to extend the spectrum and efficacy of primary preservation systems. Distinct from 1,2-Hexanediol (which is 1,2-substituted rather than 1,3-substituted) and 1-Hexanediol.

solventpreservative-boostingantimicrobial
Effective preservative booster that enhances the efficacy of primary preservatives at low concentrationsMild antimicrobial activity in its own right, particularly against gram-positive bacteria and some yeastsContributes solvent properties that improve the dissolution of fragrance ingredients and oil-phase components
At concentrations above 2%, skin sensitization potential has been noted in some patch-test studies — typically used well below this threshold
+ Phenoxyethanol+ Ethylhexylglycerin+ 1,2-Hexanediol
Solvent / vehicle
Glacier Water

Water sourced from glaciers or alpine meltwater, used as a solvent and carrier in cosmetics; the ingredient is functionally equivalent to water but carries a natural provenance claim.

SolventSkin-conditioning agent
Marketing claim of purity and mineral richness from alpine meltwaterUsed as a water-based solvent and carrier
Solvent / vehicle
Hexylene Glycol

A branched C6 glycol used as a solvent and mild humectant that improves formula spreadability and ingredient penetration.

solventhumectantpenetration-enhancer
Dissolves and carries activesLight humectancyImproves texture and spreadability
Can be sensitizing at high concentrations; used at low levels in cosmetics
Solvent / vehicle
Isododecane

A lightweight, volatile isoparaffin solvent that evaporates quickly from skin, leaving a non-greasy finish; commonly used in sunscreens and transfer-resistant formulas.

solventemollient
Lightweight, fast-evaporating, non-greasy feelImproves spreadability and transfer resistance
Solvent / vehicle
Isopropyl Alcohol

A secondary alcohol used as a fast-evaporating solvent and antimicrobial agent, chemically distinct from ethanol (Alcohol Denat.).

solventantimicrobialpenetration-enhancer
Fast-evaporating solventAntimicrobial at high concentrationsImproves penetration of other ingredients
Can be drying and irritating at high concentrationsProlonged or repeated use may disrupt the skin barrier
Solvent / vehicle
Methylpropanediol

A multifunctional glycol solvent and humectant that also boosts penetration of other actives.

humectant
Light hydrationImproves absorption
Solvent / vehicle
PEG-6

A short-chain polyethylene glycol (MW ~300 Da) used primarily as a solvent and humectant. Increases water-binding capacity and improves the texture and feel of toners and essences.

solventhumectantemollient
Solubilises actives and fragrance componentsLightweight moisture retention
+ PEG-32+ Glycerin
Solvent / vehicle
PEG-PPG Dimethyl Ether

A class of polyethylene glycol / polypropylene glycol block copolymers used as solubilizers and emulsifiers in Japanese toners and serums, helping blend silicone and oil-soluble actives into water-based formulas.

emulsifiersolubilizerskin-conditioning
Solubilizes oil-soluble ingredients into water-based formulasHelps emulsify silicone-in-water systems
PEG-based; trace 1,4-dioxane possible unless vacuum-stripped — considered safe as formulated
+ Glycerin+ Butylene Glycol
Solvent / vehicle
PEG/PPG-9/2 Dimethyl Ether
PEG/PPG-9/2 DIMETHYL ETHER

A block copolymer of PEG (9 units) and PPG (2 units) capped with methyl ether groups. Used as a co-solvent in sunscreen formulas for dissolving organic UV filters. Common in Anessa and Shiseido SPF products.

solventco-solvent
Helps dissolve UV filters and oil-phase ingredientsLightweight, spreads easily
+ Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate+ PEG/PPG-14/7 Dimethyl Ether
Solvent / vehicle
Pentylene Glycol

A multifunctional glycol that hydrates and supports preservation.

humectantpreservative-booster
Light hydrationHelps stabilize formulas
Solvent / vehicle
Polypropylene Glycol
PPG

Polypropylene glycol — a polymer of propylene oxide. More lipophilic than PEG. Used as a solvent and humectant in cosmetic formulations. Found in Elixir Retino Power Cream.

solventhumectant
Solubilizes oily ingredients in formulasHumectant
+ Glycerin+ Butylene Glycol
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