The library

Ingredient library

Every ingredient SkinAtlas knows about — all 2277 of them. What each one does, what it works well with, and what to watch for.

All 2277 ingredients — page 30 of 95

Active
Equisetum Arvense Extract

An extract of field horsetail (Equisetum arvense) that is naturally rich in silica, flavonoids, and minerals, used in cosmetics to support collagen production, improve skin elasticity, and provide antioxidant protection.

antioxidantskin-conditioninganti-agingsoothing
Rich in silica to support collagen synthesis and improve skin elasticity and firmnessAntioxidant flavonoids protect against free radical damageAnti-inflammatory properties soothe irritated skin
Soothing
Equisetum Arvense Leaf Extract

An extract specifically derived from the leaves (aerial parts) of Equisetum arvense (common horsetail), notable for its high silica and flavonoid content that provides soothing, conditioning, and antioxidant benefits.

soothingskin-conditioningantioxidant
High organic silica content supports skin firmness and elasticitySoothing and astringent properties calm and refine skinAntioxidant flavonoids protect against environmental stress
Generally well-tolerated; rare sensitivity in those allergic to horsetail plant
Antioxidant
Ergothioneine

Ergothioneine (L-ergothioneine, EGT) is a naturally occurring amino thione acid originally found in ergot fungi. It is synthesized in nature only by fungi and certain bacteria, but is avidly accumulated by human cells (especially tissues under oxidative stress) via the highly specific OCTN1 transporter. This unique cellular uptake mechanism distinguishes ergothioneine from most antioxidants — it is actively concentrated inside cells rather than merely acting on the surface. In cosmetics it functions as a premium anti-aging antioxidant active used in high-performance vitamin C ampoules and anti-aging serums.

antioxidantanti-agingskin-conditioning
Ergothioneine (EGT) is a rare sulfur-containing amino acid synthesized exclusively by fungi (especially mushrooms), mycobacteria, and select cyanobacteria — not produced endogenously by humans but concentrated in high-metabolic-demand tissues via a specific transporter (OCTN1/SLC22A4)Exceptionally potent antioxidant: directly quenches hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, and hypochlorous acid, and protects mitochondrial DNA and membrane lipids from oxidative damage — demonstrably more stable and persistent in biological tissue than glutathione or ascorbic acidSkin expresses the OCTN1 ergothioneine transporter at high levels — topically applied EGT is actively taken up into keratinocytes and fibroblasts, suggesting genuine cellular bioavailability beyond surface antioxidant activity; linked to DNA damage protection and anti-inflammatory signaling
+ Ascorbic Acid+ Tocopherol+ Glutathione
Soothing
Eriobotrya Japonica Leaf Extract
ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA LEAF EXTRACT

Extract from the leaves of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat/Japanese plum). Contains flavonoids (rutin, quercetin), ursolic acid, and tannins that provide antioxidant and soothing benefits. Used in Shiseido's d program acne-care range.

soothingantioxidantskin-conditioning
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory from flavonoids and ursolic acidSoothes sensitive and acne-prone skinUsed in Japanese prescription-grade skincare for barrier support
+ Tranexamic Acid+ Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate
Other
Eriophorum Spissum Flower/Stem Extract

A botanical extract obtained from the cotton-like head and stem of Nordic cottongrass, used for skin conditioning and moisturization.

skin conditioning
hydrates skinprovides softnessnourishing properties
Antioxidant
Eruca Sativa Leaf Extract

Leaf extract from Eruca sativa (arugula/rocket), a cruciferous plant. Contains glucosinolates, flavonoids, and erucic acid derivatives contributing antioxidant activity.

antioxidantskin-conditioning
Glucosinolate-rich extract from arugula leaves providing antioxidant and mild anti-inflammatory activityContains erucic acid derivatives and isothiocyanates
Humectant
Erythritol

A small sugar alcohol that acts as a humectant, drawing water into the skin.

humectant
Attracts and retains moistureProvides a light, hydrating feel
Active
Escin

A triterpenoid saponin isolated from horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seeds, used in cosmetics to strengthen capillary walls, reduce puffiness, and provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.

anti-inflammatorydecongestantantioxidantskin-conditioning
Strengthens capillary walls and reduces their permeability, decreasing puffiness and edemaAnti-inflammatory effects reduce redness and skin irritationAntioxidant protection via associated flavonoids
Saponin-based; may be irritating at high concentrationsPatch test recommended for sensitive skin
Fragrance
Essential Oils

A collective term for volatile aromatic compounds distilled from plants. Used for scent and sometimes minor antimicrobial effects. Common sensitizers — individual oils (lavender, tea tree, peppermint, etc.) vary widely in risk profile.

fragranceantimicrobial
Natural fragranceMinor antimicrobial properties in some varieties
Frequent cause of contact sensitization and allergic reactionsPhototoxic risk with citrus-derived oils
Other
Ethanolamine
ETHANOLAMINE

A small molecule containing both an amine and a hydroxyl group. Used as a pH adjuster and to neutralize fatty acids (forming soaps) in cosmetic formulations. Considered safe in rinse-off products; use in leave-on products is regulated in EU.

pH-adjusteremulsifier
pH adjustment for formulasHelps neutralize acids
Can react with nitrites to form nitrosamines — safety is formulation-dependent
+ Fatty Acids+ Carbomer
Solvent / vehicle
Ethoxydiglycol

A clear glycol ether solvent used to dissolve and stabilize difficult actives, enhance ingredient penetration, and provide mild humectancy in cosmetic formulas.

solventpenetration-enhancerhumectant
Dissolves challenging actives including vitamin C and benzoyl peroxideEnhances penetration of other actives into skinLight humectancy
Antioxidant
Ethyl Ascorbyl Ether

A stable, both water- and oil-compatible vitamin C derivative that converts to ascorbic acid in skin. Valued for brightening with good formula stability.

antioxidantbrightening
BrightensEvens toneAntioxidant protection
+ Niacinamide+ Tocopherol+ Ferulic Acid
Humectant
Ethyl Glucoside
ETHYL GLUCOSIDE

A glycoside ester of glucose and ethanol. Functions as a gentle humectant. Used in Kanebo's Skin Harmonizer for its moisturizing and skin-conditioning properties.

humectantskin-conditioning
Gentle humectantImproves skin moisture retentionWell-tolerated by sensitive skin
+ Glycerin+ Hyaluronic Acid
Solvent / vehicle
Ethyl Hexanediol

A branched-chain diol (CAS 94-96-2) used as a solvent and preservative booster in cosmetics; distinct from 1,2-hexanediol and historically also used as an insect repellent.

solventpreservative-booster
Acts as a solvent for cosmetic activesBoosts preservative efficacy
Historically used as an insect repellent at high concentrations; at typical cosmetic solvent concentrations, generally well toleratedSome potential for skin irritation at high doses
Emollient
Ethyl Oleate
ETHYL OLEATE

The ethyl ester of oleic acid used as a lightweight, penetrating emollient and delivery solvent in skincare formulas.

emollientskin-conditioningsolvent
Lightweight emollient with excellent skin penetrationEnhances delivery of active ingredientsNon-greasy skin feel
+ Glycerin+ Cetearyl Alcohol
Other
Ethylcellulose

The ethyl ether derivative of cellulose. Functions primarily as a film-former and texture/viscosity modifier in cosmetic formulas. Used in a range of products from foundations to hair care to improve consistency, adherence, and skin feel. Not a functional skin-care active.

film-formerviscosity-modifiertexture-modifier
Creates a flexible film on skin that improves textureHelps control viscosity and consistency of formulasUsed in powder and loose formulations as a binder
Other
Ethylene/Acrylic Acid Copolymer
ETHYLENE/ACRYLIC ACID COPOLYMER

A synthetic copolymer used as a film former and emulsion stabilizer in cosmetics.

film-formeremulsion-stabilizer
Stabilizes emulsionsProvides slip and texture
Other
Ethylene/Methacrylate Copolymer

A synthetic copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid monomers used in cosmetic formulations as a film-forming and texture-modifying agent.

film-formingviscosity-controllingtexture-enhancing
Improves product texture and wear
Other
Ethylene/Propylene/Styrene Copolymer

A synthetic hydrocarbon copolymer used primarily in anhydrous cosmetic formulations as a gelling agent and viscosity modifier.

viscosity-controllinggelling-agenttexture-enhancing
Stabilizes and thickens anhydrous formulationsImparts smooth, silky texture
Solvent / vehicle
Ethylhexanediol

2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, a branched glycol with both humectant and antimicrobial properties. Structurally related to 1,2-Hexanediol and Caprylyl Glycol, which are also used as preservative boosters. Used at low concentrations (typically 0.1–1%) to extend the spectrum and efficacy of primary preservation systems. Distinct from 1,2-Hexanediol (which is 1,2-substituted rather than 1,3-substituted) and 1-Hexanediol.

solventpreservative-boostingantimicrobial
Effective preservative booster that enhances the efficacy of primary preservatives at low concentrationsMild antimicrobial activity in its own right, particularly against gram-positive bacteria and some yeastsContributes solvent properties that improve the dissolution of fragrance ingredients and oil-phase components
At concentrations above 2%, skin sensitization potential has been noted in some patch-test studies — typically used well below this threshold
+ Phenoxyethanol+ Ethylhexylglycerin+ 1,2-Hexanediol
Emollient
Ethylhexyl Isononanoate

The ester of 2-ethylhexanol (a C8 branched alcohol) and isononanoic acid (a C9 branched fatty acid). Produces a distinctly lightweight, fast-absorbing emollient with virtually no residual greasiness. Widely used as an alternative to mineral oil derivatives in lightweight facial creams and sunscreens, where its low viscosity and high UV-filter solubility are prized.

emollientskin-conditioningsolvent
Ultra-lightweight, low-viscosity ester with exceptional spreadability and a dry, non-greasy skin feelExcellent solvent for UV filters and fragrance components, improving their dispersion in formulasLow comedogenic potential makes it suitable for acne-prone skin formulations
+ Dimethicone+ Cyclopentasiloxane+ Niacinamide
UV filter
Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate

A common chemical UVB filter (octinoxate) permitted up to 10% in EU and 7.5% in US sunscreens, with confirmed endocrine activity at high doses per 2025 SCCS opinion.

chemical-filter
Absorbs UVB radiationProvides UVB protection in broad-spectrum sunscreens
UVB-only filter — does not protect against UVA; requires pairing with UVA filtersSCCS 2025 final opinion: safe up to 10% in cosmetics but confirmed weak estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity; insufficient evidence to rule out genotoxicity
UV filter
Ethylhexyl Methoxycrylene

A UVA-absorbing photostabilizer (Hallstar SolaStay S1) that prevents degradation of avobenzone and other UV filters via singlet-state quenching; listed in EU CosIng (ref 87035) as a photostabilizer but not as an Annex VI approved UV filter.

photostabilizeruva-filteruv-filter
Highly effective photostabilizer for avobenzone (butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane) via singlet-state quenchingAlso photostabilizes octinoxate and retinoids (retinol, retinyl palmitate, cholecalciferol)Absorbs in the UVA region; outperforms octocrylene as an avobenzone stabilizer
Not listed as an approved UV filter in EU Annex VI — classified as a photostabilizer/excipient, not a primary filterNot FDA-approved as an OTC sunscreen active
Emollient
Ethylhexyl Olivate

A lightweight ester of 2-ethylhexanol and olive oil fatty acids used as an emollient and skin-conditioning agent with good spreadability and a non-greasy feel; distinct from hydrogenated ethylhexyl olivate.

emollientskin-conditioningsolvent
Lightweight emollient derived from olive oil that conditions and softens skinImproves spreadability of formulasNon-greasy skin feel with good absorption