The library

Ingredient library

Every ingredient SkinAtlas knows about — all 2277 of them. What each one does, what it works well with, and what to watch for.

All 2277 ingredients — page 33 of 95

Humectant
Gelidiella Acerosa Extract

An extract of the red alga Gelidiella acerosa rich in phycocolloids, used in cosmetics for humectant, soothing, and antioxidant properties.

humectantsoothingantioxidantskin-conditioning
Phycocolloids (agar-like polysaccharides) attract and retain moisture for plumping hydrationAnti-inflammatory to soothe redness and irritationAntioxidant activity
Other
Gellan Gum

A linear anionic polysaccharide produced by fermentation of Sphingomonas elodea. Composed of tetrasaccharide repeating units of glucose, glucuronic acid, and rhamnose. Used as a gelling and suspending agent in cosmetics at concentrations of 0.1–1%. The deacylated (low acyl) form produces clear, brittle gels; the high acyl form produces flexible, cloudy gels. Distinct from xanthan gum (branched, bacterial) and carrageenan (algae-derived).

viscosity-controllingfilm-formingstabilizing
Microbial exopolysaccharide that forms a clear, firm gel at very low concentrations — more efficient thickener than xanthan gumProduces uniquely clear, brittle gels (low acyl form) or flexible gels (high acyl form), useful in different formula texturesExcellent ion-activated gelling: forms firm gels in the presence of calcium or magnesium ions
+ Xanthan Gum+ Carbomer+ Glycerin
Active
Genistein
GENISTEIN

An isoflavone extracted from soy. Acts as a phytoestrogen in the skin — stimulating collagen production, providing antioxidant protection, and mildly inhibiting melanin synthesis for a brightening effect.

antioxidantskin-conditioningbrightening
Phytoestrogen that binds skin estrogen receptors and stimulates collagen synthesisInhibits tyrosinase — mild brightening and dark-spot preventionAntioxidant activity against UV-induced free radicals
Phytoestrogenic in vitro; at cosmetic concentrations, systemic hormonal effects are not expectedThose with soy sensitivity should patch-test
+ Niacinamide+ Vitamin C
Antioxidant
Gentiana Lutea Root Extract

An extract of the root of Gentiana lutea (yellow gentian) rich in secoiridoid glycosides and xanthones, used in cosmetics for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-brightening effects.

antioxidantskin-conditioninganti-inflammatorybrightening
Potent antioxidant that scavenges free radicals to slow premature agingAnti-inflammatory to soothe redness and irritationInhibits tyrosinase to help even skin tone and reduce discoloration
Fragrance
Geraniol

A naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol with a sweet rose-citrus scent; a regulated EU fragrance allergen with moderate sensitization potential.

fragrant
Contributes a sweet, floral rose-like scent
One of the 26 EU-declarable fragrance allergens; must be labeled above 0.001% in leave-on and 0.01% in rinse-off productsModerate sensitization potential, particularly upon oxidation
Fragrance
Geranium Maculatum Oil

An essential oil steam-distilled from wild geranium (Geranium maculatum) aerial parts, used primarily as a fragrance ingredient; contains geraniol and linalool, both EU-listed fragrance allergens subject to IFRA concentration limits.

fragranceskin conditioningantimicrobial
Imparts a fresh, floral-herbaceous scent to formulationsContains geraniol and linalool with mild antimicrobial and antioxidant propertiesTraditionally used for mild astringent and toning effects
Contains EU-declarable fragrance allergens: geraniol and linalool — must be listed on-label when above 0.001% (leave-on) or 0.01% (rinse-off)IFRA restricts geraniol concentration in finished products due to skin sensitization potential
Soothing
Geranium Robertianum Extract

An extract from the aerial parts of Herb Robert (Geranium robertianum), rich in tannins and flavonoids, used as an astringent and tonic in cosmetic formulations.

astringenttonicsoothing
Astringent action helps tighten the appearance of poresTones and conditions skinTannins and flavonoids provide mild antioxidant support
Soothing
Geranium Thunbergii Extract
GERANIUM THUNBERGII EXTRACT

Extract from Geranium thunbergii (Gennosyoko, ゲンノショウコ), a Japanese wild geranium used in traditional kampo medicine. Contains geraniin, an ellagitannin with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties. Used in Transino's brightening serum.

astringentsoothingantioxidant
Rich in geraniin (ellagitannin) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activityTraditional Japanese medicinal herbMild astringent effect
+ Tranexamic Acid+ Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate
Fragrance
Geranyl Acetate

A naturally occurring fragrance ester with a fresh, floral-rosy character, found in geranium oil, palmarosa, and many other essential oils. Used as a fragrance component in fine fragrances and skincare.

fragrance
Ester of geraniol and acetic acid with a fresh rose-floral-lavender scent, naturally found in geranium, lemon, and coriander essential oils
Potential fragrance allergen — can cause sensitization in susceptible individuals
Humectant
Gigartina Stellata Extract

Polysaccharide-rich extract from Gigartina stellata (star carrageen), a North Atlantic red algae related to Irish Moss. Contains sulphated carrageenans for moisture-binding and skin-soothing. Used in Charlotte Tilbury's Magic Cream.

humectantfilm-formingsoothing
Carrageenan-related polysaccharide from Gigartina stellata (star carrageen) red algae with high water-binding capacityForms a moisture-retaining film on skin; soothing and hydrating
+ Sodium Hyaluronate
Antioxidant
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract

A flavonoid-rich ginkgo leaf extract that provides antioxidant protection and soothes skin.

antioxidantsoothing
Antioxidant protectionHelps soothe and condition skin
+ Tocopherol+ Niacinamide
Antioxidant
Ginkgo Biloba Nut Extract

Extract from the nut of Ginkgo biloba (maidenhair tree); distinct INCI from the more common leaf extract. Used in Korean hanbang formulas alongside other traditional herbal ingredients.

antioxidantskin-conditioning
Ginkgo nut extract provides antioxidant flavonoids and terpene lactonesTraditional East Asian ingredient used in hanbang formulas for skin vitality
+ Panax Ginseng Root Extract
Solvent / vehicle
Glacier Water

Water sourced from glaciers or alpine meltwater, used as a solvent and carrier in cosmetics; the ingredient is functionally equivalent to water but carries a natural provenance claim.

SolventSkin-conditioning agent
Marketing claim of purity and mineral richness from alpine meltwaterUsed as a water-based solvent and carrier
Soothing
Gleditsia Australis Thorn Extract

Gleditsia Australis Thorn Extract is sourced from the thorns of the honey locust tree (Gleditsia sinensis/australis), long used in traditional Korean and Chinese medicine as Zao Jiao Ci (皂角刺) for skin-clearing and anti-inflammatory purposes. The extract is rich in triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids that contribute to its calming, clarifying, and sebum-modulating effects.

skin-conditioninganti-inflammatorysebum-regulatingclarifying
Saponins and flavonoids exert anti-inflammatory activity, helping calm redness and reduce irritation associated with congested or acne-prone skinTraditional Korean and Chinese medicine (Zao Jiao Ci / 皂角刺) attributes skin-clearing properties to the thorn extract, supported by modern studies on its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory flavonoid and alkaloid contentMay help regulate sebum production and support clearer skin texture, making it suitable for oily and combination skin formulations
Limited clinical safety data in cosmetic applications; saponin content may be mildly irritating at high concentrations in leave-on formulas
+ Centella Asiatica Extract+ Niacinamide+ Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract
Exfoliant
Gluconolactone

A polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that exfoliates gently and hydrates.

pha
Gentle exfoliationAntioxidantSuitable for sensitive skin
Active
Glucosamine HCl

The hydrochloride salt of glucosamine, an amino sugar. In topical skincare, studied for its ability to inhibit tyrosinase-related pigmentation pathways and stimulate hyaluronic acid production. Often paired with niacinamide for complementary brightening effects.

skin-brighteninghumectantanti-aging
May inhibit melanin formation for a brighter, more even skin toneSupports hyaluronic acid synthesis in the skinAmino sugar component of glycosaminoglycans — supports plumpness and hydration
+ Niacinamide+ Sodium Hyaluronate
Humectant
Glucose

A simple sugar humectant that draws moisture into the skin and serves as a substrate for skin-microbiome-friendly formulations.

humectant
Attracts and retains moistureGentle and skin-compatible
Barrier support
Glucosyl Ceramide

A glycosphingolipid and natural ceramide precursor that the skin converts into active ceramides, progressively reinforcing the stratum corneum lipid barrier.

barrier-supportskin-conditioning
Acts as a ceramide precursor to stimulate the skin's natural ceramide regenerationStrengthens the lipid barrier and reduces transepidermal water lossImproves skin hydration and reduces signs of dryness and sensitivity
Antioxidant
Glucosyl Hesperidin
GLUCOSYL HESPERIDIN

An enzymatically glycosylated form of hesperidin (a citrus bioflavonoid) with superior water solubility. Provides antioxidant and mild anti-inflammatory benefits, and is often paired with other flavonoids in sensitive-skin and brightening formulas.

antioxidantanti-inflammatoryskin-conditioning
Antioxidant protectionSupports healthy microcirculation and skin toneAnti-inflammatory for sensitive skin
+ Glucosyl Rutin+ Vitamin C+ Niacinamide
Antioxidant
Glucosyl Rutin
GLUCOSYL RUTIN

An enzymatically glycosylated form of rutin (a bioflavonoid from buckwheat and apple) with greatly improved water solubility. Provides antioxidant and mild anti-inflammatory benefits, and is often used in brightening and barrier-support formulas.

antioxidantskin-conditioninganti-inflammatory
Antioxidant protection against UV-induced oxidative damageSupports skin brightness and even toneAnti-inflammatory support for sensitive skin
+ Vitamin C+ Niacinamide+ Glucosyl Hesperidin
Antioxidant
Glucosylrutin

Glucosylrutin is rutin (a flavonoid glycoside: quercetin-3-rutinoside) with one or more glucose units attached via enzymatic transglucosylation, producing a more water-soluble derivative. The modification preserves the antioxidant and vascular-protective activity of rutin while enabling its use in aqueous cosmetic formulas where native rutin is poorly soluble. Used in K-beauty serums as a gentle antioxidant and anti-redness active.

antioxidantanti-inflammatoryskin-conditioning
Enzymatically modified rutin with an added glucose molecule that dramatically improves water solubility versus native rutin, allowing use in water-based formulasStrong antioxidant activity from the flavonoid rutin backbone — scavenges reactive oxygen species and reduces UV-induced skin damageImproves capillary fragility and reduces redness — rutin has well-documented vascular-protective (vitamin P-like) activity
+ Niacinamide+ Ascorbic Acid+ Centella Asiatica Extract
Humectant
Glutamic Acid

A naturally occurring amino acid that functions as a humectant and contributes to the skin's natural moisturizing factor.

humectantamino-acid
Attracts and retains moistureComponent of the skin's natural moisturizing factor (NMF)
Other
Glutamine

A free-form amino acid (L-glutamine) used in cosmetics as a skin-conditioning agent and component of amino acid complex formulas; distinct from acetyl glutamine which is the N-acetylated form with different stability and activity profile.

Skin conditioningAmino acidBarrier support
Supports keratinocyte function and skin barrier proteinsConditions skin as part of amino acid complexesSubstrate for glutathione synthesis
Active
Glutamylamidoethyl Indole

A synthetic dipeptide-like active (L-glutamylamidoethyl indole) used as a cutaneous neuroprotective agent to reduce skin sensitivity and stress-related aging.

skin-protectinganti-agingneuroprotective
Protects skin neurons from stress-related degeneration (cutaneous neuroprotection)Anti-stress effects on cutaneous sensitivitySupports skin barrier integrity and moisture