The library

Ingredient library

Every ingredient SkinAtlas knows about — all 2402 of them. What each one does, what it works well with, and what to watch for.

All 2402 ingredients — page 67 of 101

Antioxidant
Panax Ginseng Root Water

An aqueous hydrosol or water extraction of Panax ginseng root that delivers water-soluble ginsenosides and saccharides for humectant, antioxidant, and revitalizing benefits.

humectantantioxidantrevitalizing
Provides lightweight hydration with water-soluble ginsenosidesAntioxidant protectionBrightening and revitalizing effects
Antioxidant
Panax Ginseng Seed Extract

An antioxidant-rich ginseng seed extract that revitalizes and protects skin from oxidative stress.

antioxidantsoothing
Rich in antioxidantsHelps protect and revitalize skin
+ Panax Ginseng Root Extract+ Tocopherol+ Niacinamide
Emollient
Panax Ginseng Seed Oil

A fatty oil cold-pressed from Panax ginseng seeds, distinct from the aqueous root extract, providing oleic and linoleic acids alongside minor ginsenosides and phytosterols for emollient and antioxidant skin benefits.

emollientskin conditioningantioxidant
Rich in oleic and linoleic fatty acids supporting skin barrier functionContains ginsenosides and phytosterols with antioxidant and anti-aging propertiesLight, non-greasy emollient feel suitable for facial oils and cleansing oils
Active
Pancratium Maritimum Extract

An extract of sea daffodil bulbs (Pancratium maritimum) that inhibits melanogenesis and provides antioxidant and hydrating benefits for a more even, radiant skin tone.

brighteningantioxidanthumectant
Inhibits melanin production to reduce dark spots and hyperpigmentationAntioxidant protection against UV and environmental damageRetains moisture even in extreme conditions for lasting hydration
Emollient
Pandanus Conoidus Fruit Oil

A deep-red oil pressed from the fruit of Pandanus conoidus, a Papua New Guinean plant, exceptionally rich in carotenoids and unsaturated fatty acids used as a nourishing emollient and antioxidant.

emollientantioxidant
Rich in carotenoids (beta-carotene) for antioxidant protectionNourishing emollient that softens and conditions skinHigh in unsaturated fatty acids supporting skin barrier
Active
Pantethine

A dimeric form of pantetheine and intermediate in Coenzyme A synthesis that provides antioxidant protection, inhibits tyrosinase activity for brightening, and supports skin cell metabolism and regeneration.

antioxidantbrighteningskin-conditioning
Antioxidant via disulfide bond activityInhibits tyrosinase to reduce hyperpigmentation and dark spotsSupports cellular metabolism and skin regeneration
Soothing
Panthenol

Pro-vitamin B5 that soothes and hydrates.

humectant
Soothes irritationSupports barrier repairHydration
Soothing
Pantolactone

The lactone form of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), chemically related to panthenol; used as a skin-conditioning and soothing agent in cosmetic formulations.

Skin-conditioning agentHumectantSoothing agent
Helps soothe and condition skinMoisture-retaining propertiesPrecursor-related activity to panthenol (provitamin B5)
Generally well tolerated; isolated sensitivity possible
Active
Pantothenic Acid

The free acid form of vitamin B5, distinct from panthenol (the alcohol form) and calcium pantothenate (the salt form); used in cosmetics as a skin-conditioning agent contributing to moisture retention and barrier support.

Skin conditioningVitaminMoisturizing
Precursor to panthenol (provitamin B5) activity in skinSupports skin hydrationConditions skin
Exfoliant
Papain

A cysteine protease enzyme extracted from the papaya fruit (Carica papaya). Used in cosmetics as an enzymatic exfoliant: it cleaves peptide bonds in denatured keratin, dissolving dead skin cell buildup without mechanical abrasion. Produces a smoother, brighter complexion and aids cell turnover. However, papain carries a well-documented sensitization risk — peer-reviewed research confirms it disrupts tight junction proteins and can induce IgE-mediated allergic responses even at low concentrations (1 µg/ml in vitro). Sensitization is partly independent of enzymatic activity, meaning inhibited papain retains allergenic potential. Cross-reactivity with latex and tropical fruits is documented. Avoid on broken, compromised, or sensitized skin. Not appropriate for daily use.

enzymatic-exfoliantproteolytic-enzymekeratolytic
Dissolves dead skin cells by breaking down keratin proteins enzymaticallySmooths and brightens skin texture without abrasionPromotes cell turnover and reveals fresher skin
IgE-mediated allergy documented: can sensitize skin even with repeated low-level exposureDegrades tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, claudin-4, occludin), impairing skin barrier integrity
× Retinol× Glycolic Acid
Emollient
Papaver Rhoeas Extract

An extract from the petals of the common corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) used as a skin-conditioning emollient to nourish and smooth the skin surface.

skin-conditioningemollient
Softens and smooths skinSupports dermal and epidermal cell nutrition
Emollient
Paraffin

A refined petroleum-derived solid wax used in cosmetics as an occlusive emollient, texture modifier, and consistency agent in creams and sticks.

emollientocclusivetexture-modifier
Creates an occlusive barrier to lock in moistureProvides structure and consistency in cream and balm formulas
Heavily occlusive — may not be suitable for acne-prone or congested skin types
Emollient
Paraffinum Liquidum

Highly refined mineral oil (liquid paraffin) used as an occlusive emollient that creates a barrier on the skin to prevent water loss.

emollientocclusive
Strong occlusive moisturizerSeals in moistureSoothing on dry or compromised skin
Heavy feel — may not suit very oily or acne-prone skin at high concentrations
Emollient
Passiflora Edulis Seed Oil

A lightweight oil cold-pressed from passion fruit seeds (Passiflora edulis), rich in linoleic acid and carotenoids, used as a non-greasy emollient that nourishes and supports the skin barrier.

emollientantioxidant
Lightweight emollient that absorbs quicklyRich in linoleic acid to support the skin barrierAntioxidant protection from vitamin C and carotenoids
Active
Pearl Powder
Margarita

A finely ground powder of natural pearls (nacre from Margarita/oyster species), composed of calcium carbonate, amino acids, and trace minerals; used in cosmetics for skin brightening, conditioning, and mild exfoliation, with traditional roots in Chinese medicine (TCM).

skin-conditioningbrighteningexfoliantantioxidant
Rich source of calcium carbonate, over 30 trace minerals (magnesium, selenium, zinc), and more than a dozen amino acids supporting skin conditioning and repairAmino acid profile may stimulate fibroblast activity and collagen synthesis, improving skin firmness and elasticityBrightening and skin tone-evening effects; may help reduce appearance of dark spots and uneven pigmentation
Pearl is an animal-derived ingredient (mollusk shell nacre); not veganClinical evidence for topical efficacy is limited — many claimed benefits are based on traditional use (TCM) and in vitro studies
Other
Peat Water

Water derived from peat bogs, containing dissolved humic acids, trace minerals, and plant-derived compounds used as a skin-conditioning vehicle in premium cosmetic formulations.

skin-conditioninghumectant
Delivers trace minerals and humic acids to skinMild skin-conditioning properties
Other
Pectin

A plant-derived polysaccharide (from fruit peels) used as a natural thickener, gelling agent, and film former in cosmetic formulas.

thickeningfilm-formingbinder
Thickens and stabilizes formula textureForms a light film that helps hold ingredients in place
Surfactant
Peg-12 Glyceryl Dimyristate

A PEG ester of glyceryl dimyristate used as a nonionic emulsifier and solubilizer in cosmetic creams and lotions.

emulsifiersolubilizer
Nonionic emulsifier that stabilizes oil-in-water formulasHelps solubilize oil-phase ingredients into water-based creamsContributes to a light, non-greasy skin feel
Emollient
Peg-5 Pentaerythrityl Ether

A polyethylene glycol ether of pentaerythritol (5 moles ethylene oxide) used as a lightweight emollient and skin-conditioning agent.

emollientskin-conditioning
Softens and smooths skinImproves formula spreadability
Active
Pelargonium Graveolens Extract

A non-volatile extract obtained from the aerial parts of Pelargonium graveolens (geranium), distinct from the steam-distilled Pelargonium Graveolens Flower Oil; retains water-soluble bioactives such as polyphenols and tannins providing astringent, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory benefits with a reduced fragrance-allergen profile.

skin-conditioningantimicrobialastringentanti-inflammatory
Non-volatile aqueous extract of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens), retaining water-soluble polyphenols, flavonoids, and tanninsAntimicrobial and astringent properties beneficial for acne-prone and oily skin typesAnti-inflammatory action may help calm mild redness and irritation
May still contain trace amounts of fragrance-active compounds (geraniol, citronellol, linalool); individuals with geranium oil sensitivity should patch testLower sensitization risk than Pelargonium Graveolens Flower Oil but not risk-free for highly reactive skin
Fragrance
Pelargonium Graveolens Flower Oil

An essential oil steam-distilled from Pelargonium graveolens flowers (rose geranium), used in cosmetics primarily for its sweet, floral fragrance; a regulated EU fragrance allergen.

fragrantskin-conditioning
Contributes a sweet, rosy-floral fragranceMild skin-conditioning properties
Fragrant essential oil containing known EU-regulated allergens (geraniol, citronellol, linalool, citral); must be declared individually on label above EU threshold concentrationsCan irritate or sensitize reactive and fragrance-sensitive skin
Humectant
Pelvetia Canaliculata Extract

An extract from Pelvetia canaliculata (channelled wrack), a brown marine alga containing fucoidans, alginates, and polyphenols that provide humectant, antioxidant, and skin-conditioning benefits.

humectantskin-conditioning agentantioxidant
Marine algae polysaccharides (fucoidans, alginates) provide humectant and film-forming benefitsRich in fucoidan with antioxidant and skin-conditioning propertiesSupports skin hydration retention
No known risks at typical cosmetic concentrations
Emollient
Pentaerythrityl Distearate

Pentaerythrityl Distearate is a diester of pentaerythritol (a polyol with 4 hydroxyl groups) and stearic acid (C18), with two of the four hydroxyl positions esterified. It is a semi-solid to waxy emollient used in rich creams and emulsions to add body, improve texture, and provide a creamy skin feel. The pentaerythrityl core provides structural rigidity while the two stearate chains contribute emollient and emulsifying properties.

emollientskin-conditioningemulsifying
Diester of pentaerythritol and stearic acid with a rich, creamy skin feel — provides occlusive emollient properties without being as heavy as fully saturated waxesContributes to the creamy, lush texture of premium cream formulas and improves spreadabilityGood emulsion-stabilizing properties due to the branched pentaerythrityl core with two fatty acid chains
+ Squalane+ Butyrospermum Parkii Butter+ Dimethicone
Antioxidant
Pentaerythrityl Tetra-Di-T-Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate

A hindered phenol antioxidant (Irganox 1010) used at very low concentrations to protect oils and fats in cosmetic formulas from oxidative degradation.

antioxidantpreservative-booster
Prevents oxidative rancidity of oils and fatsExtends formula shelf life